Rosicrucians Rosicrucians
Introduction Between 1614 and 1616 three "posters" - Fame Fraternitatis, the Confessio and the Chemical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz - are put into circulation in Europe, and quickly acquire huge resonance. They speak of a mysterious adept, Christian Rosenkreutz, it would have achieved the highest initiations and would leave in His tomb - hidden in the Black Forest - all as the ancient sages had heard on the subject of alchemy, occultism and esoteric wisdom. Anything but secondary characters goes in search of the mysterious Fraternity in the hope of being admitted, including René Descartes (1596-1650), which will even suspect (perhaps wrongly) that he Latinized his name to give a Cartesius Renatus esoteric signal with its new initials, R and C as the Rosicrucians, the elusive brothers.
Nobody refers to the Rosicrucians, for the good reason that do not exist. The posters are a work of literature, created - with others - from a Lutheran pastor of Württemberg, Johann Valentin Andreae (1586-1654), concerned to present, under the veil esoteric, an ambitious political and religious reform. Elizabethan and Protestant Europe, as shown by the British historian Frances Yates (1899-1981), it will make a flag for a coalition of all forces "enlightened" Europe of the Counter Reformation against the Catholic Church and the Habsburgs. After a few years, of course, the Rosicrucians really exist: the fiction becomes reality, because those who had gone in search of the fraternity are organized in clubs and cliques influence the transformation of Freemasonry to the corporation operating in speculative companies, create a culture of great influence on building a modern set of pre-Enlightenment and "enlightened" in the esoteric sense of the word.
Between the end of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in degrees of initiation systems "Rosicrucian" flourish in conjunction with the "senior" Masonic. The most important seems to have been to the Rose-Croix d'Or in Germany, where the rituals, degrees and doctrines have gone in many modern initiatory organizations. Grades "Rosicrucian" belong - more precisely - the history of Freemasonry, but also born in a Masonic Rosicrucian separate orders, which - for their most direct interest to esoteric topics (and in some cases religious) - will be treated here in a specific way. The Rosicrucian Order is the oldest Societas Rosicrucian in Anglia, founded between 1865 and 1866 in London by Robert Wentworth Little (1840-1878), an official of the Grand Lodge of England.
In France, the Rosicrucian Order existed in Toulouse in the early decades of the nineteenth century around the Viscount Louis-Charles-Edouard de Lapasse (1792-1867), but the more modern organization, the Cabalistic Order of the Rosy Cross, was founded in 1887 in Paris by Stanislas de Guaita (1861-1897), Gérard Encausse, known as "Papus" (1865-1916) and Josephine Péladan (1858-1918). The latter - a Catholic, even if in unorthodox way - it separates from the Order in 1890 Qabalistic (the press spoke of "War of the Roses") giving rise to the Order of the Catholic Rose-Croix of the Temple and the Grail, which will have a significant influence on some literary circles. Moreover, the different branches of this first generation rivals Rosicrucian participate together in 1934 to the founding of FUDOSI (Universal Federation of the Orders and initiatory societies), which will continue to exist until 1951.
With FUDOSI AMORC also enter into a relationship, the largest Rosicrucian organization that was born in the U.S. (though claiming to turn European origin), while around another group American engaged in a fierce polemic against AMORC, the Rosae Crucis Fraternitas created by Reuben Swinburne Clymer (1878-1966) following the teachings of Pascal Beverly Randolph (1825-1875) founded a rival federation, the FUDOFSI. Meanwhile, other organizations Rosicrucian had seen the light separately, including three - the Association of Rosicrucian Max Heindel, The Rosicrucian Fraternitas Antiqua, and Lectorium Rosicrucianum - reached an international dimension.
B.: For the historical origins: Roland Edighoffer, Les Rose-Croix et la crise de la conscience européenne au XVII siècle, Dervy, Paris 1998, Frances Yates, The Rosicrucian Enlightenment, trans. com., Einaudi, Torino 1976, Christopher McIntosh, The Rosicrucians. Stories and legends of a hidden order, trans. com., Convivio, Florence 1989. On Randolph: John Patrick Deveney, Paschal Beverly Randolph. A Nineteenth-Century Black American Spiritualist, Rosicrucian, and Sex Magician, State University of New York Press, Albany (New York) 1997. On FUDOSI: Serge Caillet, Sar Hieronymus et FUDOSI, Cariscript, Paris 1986.
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